Blood values and what they measure
Blood values are measurable substances in your blood. Together they sketch a picture of your energy, recovery and capacity. Look up a value and check its reference range. Each one explains what a high or low result says about your condition.
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CA-125
A CA-125 blood test measures the level of cancer antigen 125 in your blood. CA-125 is a protein that can be elevated in ovarian cancer, but it is also commonly raised in many benign conditions such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, menstruation, and pregnancy. This test alone cannot diagnose cancer and is not recommended as a screening test for ovarian cancer in the general population. Results should always be interpreted by a healthcare professional in context of other clinical findings.
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)
CEA is a broad tumor marker that, when included in a comprehensive health panel, contributes to a thorough baseline profile for performance-focused individuals.
CK-MB
CK-MB helps distinguish heart-related enzyme elevations from skeletal muscle damage during intense training. It supports cardiovascular safety monitoring for active individuals.
CRP (C-Reactive Protein)
CRP helps monitor exercise-induced inflammation and recovery. Tracking levels supports optimal training load management and prevents overtraining.
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a thyroid-produced hormone that regulates calcium and bone metabolism. For active individuals, monitoring calcitonin may help assess bone health and mineral balance, both of which are critical for injury prevention and performance.
Calcium
Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and bone integrity during training. Active individuals may have increased calcium needs due to sweat losses and high physical demands.
Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin plays a role in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, both important for physical performance and recovery from training stress.
Chloride
Chloride is lost through sweat during intense exercise. Monitoring your levels helps ensure proper electrolyte replenishment and supports optimal training performance.
Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
The cholesterol/HDL ratio is your total cholesterol divided by your HDL. Exercise tends to raise HDL, which lowers the ratio. A lower ratio points to a more favourable profile and a lower cardiovascular risk.
Citrate
Urinary citrate is essential for kidney stone prevention in active individuals. Intense exercise, dehydration during training, and high-protein supplementation can all reduce citrate levels and increase the risk of stone formation.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
For an athlete, a complete blood count is mainly a trend instrument. One measurement is a snapshot. Four measurements across a season show a line. In one tube the panel counts your red blood cells and your white blood cells. Your platelets are counted too. The lab also determines the amount of haemoglobin. The series simply move at very different speeds. The red series changes over weeks to months. The white series changes within hours. Miss that difference and you read noise as progress.
Coombs Test (Indirect)
The indirect Coombs test screens for unexpected antibodies in your blood that may react against red blood cells. It is an important test for transfusion safety and prenatal care.
Copper
Copper is involved in energy production and iron transport — both critical for physical endurance and performance. Monitoring supports optimal training outcomes.
Cortisol
Cortisol reflects your body's recovery and stress load. For active individuals, monitoring cortisol helps identify overtraining, optimise recovery windows, and balance training intensity with adequate rest.
Creatine Kinase (CK)
Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found primarily in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles. When muscles are damaged or stressed, CK is released into the bloodstream, making it a useful marker of muscle health.
Creatinine
Creatinine is a critical kidney marker for active individuals. Higher muscle mass, intense training, creatine supplementation, and high-protein diets can all raise creatinine levels, making it essential to interpret results in the context of your training regimen and body composition.
Creatinine (Urine)
Urinary creatinine is particularly relevant for active individuals, as intense exercise, high muscle mass, and protein supplementation can all influence excretion levels. Understanding your baseline helps distinguish training-related changes from potential kidney concerns.
Cystatin C
Cystatin C is the preferred kidney function marker for active individuals because it is not affected by muscle mass, exercise intensity, or protein supplementation. It provides a true picture of kidney health regardless of body composition or training load.
DHEA-S
DHEA-S is an anabolic precursor hormone that may influence recovery and performance. Active individuals benefit from monitoring adrenal reserve, especially during high training volumes.
DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
DHT is a potent androgen derived from testosterone that may influence muscle development, recovery, and body composition. Active individuals benefit from understanding their full androgen profile.
Dopamine (Urine)
Dopamine drives motivation, focus, and reward response — qualities essential for physical performance. This urine test provides insight into catecholamine production and neurological readiness.
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
Your ESR shows how quickly red blood cells settle towards the bottom of an upright tube. The lab reads that column after one hour. Without inflammation the cells drift down slowly. Inflammation raises certain proteins in the blood, and those proteins stick the cells together. The red cells then fall faster. So the ESR measures a consequence, not the inflammation itself. And it does so slowly. That makes it the wrong value for tracking training load, however much you might want otherwise.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in allergic reactions and the defence against parasites. This can be relevant for active people, as allergies and asthma can affect breathing and training capacity. A raised count is often seen with allergies or asthma, while a low count is usually not a concern.
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Red blood cells are the oxygen highway for your muscles and tissues. For active individuals and active individuals, monitoring erythrocyte levels provides insight into your aerobic capacity and recovery potential, helping you train smarter and perform at your peak.