Blood values and what they measure
Blood values are measurable substances in your blood. Together they sketch a picture of your energy, recovery and capacity. Look up a value and check its reference range. Each one explains what a high or low result says about your condition.
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17-OH Progesterone
17-OH Progesterone is a precursor hormone involved in cortisol and androgen synthesis. For active individuals, this marker may provide insight into how your body manages stress hormones and supports recovery and performance.
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
ACTH is the pituitary hormone responsible for triggering cortisol release from your adrenal glands. For active individuals, monitoring ACTH may help assess how your body adapts to training stress and supports recovery processes.
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) is a tumor marker that provides insight into your liver function as part of a comprehensive health baseline. For active individuals, monitoring liver health is an important part of understanding how your body responds to training demands and supplementation. This test alone cannot diagnose cancer and should be interpreted by a healthcare professional in context of your full health profile.
ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that in adults comes from two tissues. Those are the bile ducts inside the liver, and bone. For anyone training hard, that second source is the interesting one. Bone tissue is continuously broken down and rebuilt, and the enzyme is released during that rebuilding. This value is therefore not a measure of muscle damage. That is a common misreading on a report full of training markers. This page sets out what the value does and does not tell you about a trained body.
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
The ALT value measures alanine aminotransferase, an enzyme that sits mainly in the liver. For anyone who trains, that is good news. ALT is far more liver-specific than AST, which also comes from muscle tissue. A raised ALT value in athletes is therefore less often a training artefact.<br><br>In men the reference range runs to 45 u/l, in women to 34 u/l. Even so, heavy or unaccustomed training does lift ALT. The timing of the draw therefore decides what you measure.
AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone)
AMH reflects the number of small follicles still queued up in your ovaries: the ovarian reserve. For female athletes it is a useful value because, unlike FSH, LH and estradiol, it can be drawn on any cycle day and therefore slots into an existing blood draw without any fuss. Worth knowing: AMH is not a gauge of your training load. A cycle disrupted by low energy availability shows up mainly in LH, FSH and estradiol. AMH says something about your egg supply, not about your recovery.
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
If you train seriously, your AST is almost never purely a liver value. The AST enzyme leaks from any damaged cell. Skeletal muscle supplies it for days after a hard session. So the result depends heavily on where in your training block you draw blood. 35 u/l after a heavy leg day is not the same as 35 after a deload. This page covers the timing of the draw. Then you will read how AST, ALT, CK and gamma-GT separate muscle from liver.
ASTO (Antistreptolysin O)
ASO levels help identify streptococcal infections that could lead to joint inflammation and affect training. Early detection supports faster return to performance.
Active Vitamin B12
Active Vitamin B12 measures the bioavailable B12 your cells can utilise. For active individuals, B12 may support oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and recovery. This test could help optimise your performance-related nutritional status.
Albumin
Albumin indicates liver health and protein balance, both essential for physical recovery and performance. Low albumin can affect training capacity and recovery.
Amylase
Amylase supports carbohydrate digestion, which is essential for physical fuelling. Monitoring pancreatic enzymes helps ensure optimal nutrient absorption for performance.
Androstenedione
Androstenedione is a precursor hormone converted into testosterone and estrogen. For active individuals, this marker may help assess hormonal pathways that influence muscle development, recovery, and overall physical performance.
ApoA1 (Apolipoprotein A1)
ApoA1 reflects HDL function, which supports cholesterol clearance during the metabolic demands of intense training. A key marker for active individuals monitoring cardiovascular health.
ApoB (Apolipoprotein B)
ApoB provides the most accurate atherogenic particle count for active individuals concerned about long-term cardiovascular health alongside performance.
Basic Blood Count
A basic blood count measures three core values in your blood: hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets. Together they say something about oxygen transport, immune defence and clotting. It is a simple baseline check, without the red-cell indices and white-cell differential of a complete blood count.
Basophils
Basophils are the rarest white blood cells in your differential. In adults the basophil value sits between 0 and 0.2 x10⁹/l. Your result shows it as a percentage and as an absolute count. Work with the absolute figure, because the percentage moves with the other cell types. This value does not respond measurably to training load or recovery. A result of 0.0 x10⁹/l is normal and calls for nothing. Only a rise that persists without explanation should be assessed by a doctor. Below you can read what your number means. You will also see which values in this blood count do reflect load.
Bicarbonate
Bicarbonate plays a role in buffering lactic acid during intense exercise. Monitoring your levels can help you understand your body's recovery capacity and metabolic efficiency.
Bilirubin (Direct)
Direct bilirubin reflects liver processing efficiency, which is important for active individuals managing high-protein diets, supplements, and intense training loads. Monitoring helps ensure your liver is effectively supporting recovery and nutrient metabolism.
Bilirubin (Total)
Total bilirubin reflects liver health, which is critical for active individuals processing high training loads, performance supplements, and protein-rich diets. Monitoring helps ensure your liver is effectively supporting recovery and metabolic demands.
Blood Type + Rh
A blood type test determines your ABO blood group and Rh factor. Knowing your blood type is essential for safe blood transfusions, organ transplants, and pregnancy planning.
C-Peptide
C-Peptide provides insight into insulin dynamics, which affects energy availability, fat metabolism, and recovery. Active individuals benefit from understanding their metabolic efficiency.
CA 15-3
CA 15-3 is a glycoprotein marker that, when included in a broader panel, provides a more complete baseline for performance-focused individuals. Tracking trends over time supports proactive health management alongside your fitness and recovery goals.
CA 19-9
CA 19-9 is a gastrointestinal marker that contributes to a thorough baseline for performance-focused individuals. Understanding your digestive health markers alongside fitness data provides a more complete view of overall health.
CA 72-4
CA 72-4 is a gastric and ovarian tissue marker that contributes to a thorough baseline health profile for performance-focused individuals.